Análisis de la situación actual de la feminización docente: propuestas de estudio

Los procesos de feminización docente en los niveles de educación primaria y secundaria, así como el aumento de mujeres dentro del campo de los estudios universitarios, al menos en lo que a nuestro país se refiere, son factores sociales y culturales que apuntan hacia una reflexión, lógica y argumentada, sobre una posible exigencia epistemológica que se traslade en una ampliación una línea de investigación de los Estudios de Género, en relación a los objetivos y fuentes documentales escritos o de carácter oral testimonial. En nuestra intervención proponemos una revisión de la concepción actual del vocablo feminización aplicado a la docencia; para ello recordaremos los estudios más recientes del proceso de feminización docente, además de observar la necesidad de un proceso de investigación de la feminización de la docencia que esté enlazado con la Historia de la Educación y centrado en la figura de la maestra. Por último relacionaremos el hecho de la importancia de la feminización con otros ámbitos como son la salud y la pobreza

Character Crisis. The witch in the technological age

Entre las múltiples imágenes que del personaje femenino aparecen en los cuentos, la de la bruja es la menos apreciada en su evolución, sobre todo a raíz de la aparición de las películas de Walt Disney, donde se produce la erotización del personaje, efecto ampliado en el cómic Anime, a la vez que, y de forma paralela, en la narrativa infantil-juvenil se le concede los caracteres de ente humanizado. Por tanto, analizaremos la evolución histórica que sobre el personaje bruja se ha realizado en representaciones culturales literarias y audiovisuales desde la segunda década del siglo XX hasta nuestros días.Among the multiple images of the female character appear in tales of the witch is the least appreciated in its evolution, especially following the emergence of the films of Walt Disney, which produces the eroticization of the character, in effect extended Anime comic, while, in parallel and in child and adolescent narrative is given characters being humanized. Therefore, we will analyze the historical evolution of the character witch was made in literary and audiovisual cultural performances during the second decade of the twentieth century to today.peerReviewe

III Congreso Internacional Virtual de Educación Literaria

Revisión del III Congreso Internacional Virtual de Educación Literari

Desacuerdo español e inglés: un análisis de variación cultural y situacional

This paper highlights the results of an intercultural study within the theoretical frame of (im)politeness about the way in which Spanish and English speakers manage situations of disagreement. However, in order not to ignore the internal variation that in each culture exists, cultural contrasts are analysed while simultaneously taking into account situational variation. This study is based upon a questionnaire carried out among 240 informants. Using open questions, both qualitative and quantitative methodology is employed. As regards (im)politeness, the rapport management theory by Spencer-Oatey (2002, 2008) is the model employed for reference. The replies of the informants are analysed regarding their possible reaction to a situation of disagreement in different contextual frames. It is observed whether the speaker does or does not express disagreement, as well as the way it is expressed (mitigated, open or boosted) and the kind of strategies that are employed.Este trabajo ofrece los resultados de un estudio intercultural, desde el marco teórico de la (des)cortesía, acerca del modo en que hablantes españoles e ingleses gestionan situaciones de desacuerdo. Además, con el objetivo de no pasar por alto la variación interna existente dentro de cada cultura, el contraste cultural es analizado a la vez que se da cuenta de la variación situacional. El estudio está basado en un cuestionario distribuido a 240 informantes. Sobre la base de preguntas abiertas, se utiliza metodología tanto cualitativa como cuantitativa. En relación con la (des)cortesía, el modelo teórico de referencia es el de gestión interrelacional (rapport management) de Spencer-Oatey (2002, 2008). Las respuestas de los informantes son analizadas en relación con su posible reacción a una situación de desacuerdo en diferentes contextos situacionales. Se observa si el hablante expresa o no desacuerdo, así como el modo en que este es expresado (mitigado, abierto o potenciado) y el tipo de estrategias empleadas para hacerlo

El cuento en lengua materna como elemento facilitador

En el primer ciclo de Educación Infantil, una de las tareas docentes, en lengua materna, es facilitar el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa, así como el entrenamiento de la expresión oral. El maestro, en su tarea educativa diaria, acude al diseño de actividades que aúnen, desde el currículo, lo literario, lo cultural y lo emocional. Una de las primeras vías para lograrlo es trabajar por medio del cuento; para ello es necesario que el docente esté lo suficientemente entrenado para llevar a cabo sus objetivos. No solo se trata de leer un cuento, sino saber cómo trabajarlo con niños pequeños. Ante este caso, en nuestra investigación pretendemos exponer los resultados de una experiencia piloto, llevada a cabo con 65 alumnos de Magisterio de Educación Infantil, en la Universidad de Granada, durante el curso académico de 2017-2018, en la asignatura de "Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura Infantil".In the first cycle of Pre-Primary Education, one of the teaching tasks in the mother tongue is to promote the development of communicative competence, as well as the training of oral expression. In his daily educational task, taking the curriculum as a reference, the teacher designs activities which combine literature, culture and emotions. One of the first means to achieve this is by working through stories; for this, it is necessary that the teacher be sufficiently trained to carry out his objectives. It is not only about reading a story, but also knowing how to work it with children. Considering this, we try to present the results of a pilot experience carried out with 65 pre-primary prospect teachers at the University of Granada, throughout the school year 2017-2018, in the subject “Didactics of Language and Children's Literature”

Sexting durante el confinamiento en España: prevalencia, motivaciones y variables predictoras

SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in the mandatory isolation of the entire population, reducing the opportunities for casual sexual encounters or between partners who do not live together. However, it is plausible to assume that other forms of sexual contact like sexting are occurring. This research aimed to analyse the behaviours and motivations to engage in sexting and to examine some predictors of mental health and loneliness that could be associated with sexting during confinement. The sample consisted of 510 participants: 280 emerging adults and 230 adults. The results showed higher prevalence of sexting behaviours among emerging adults (vs. adults) and among males (vs. females). Moreover, emerging adults reported more motivations to engage in sexting. Finally, the analysis revealed that loneliness would predict engagement in sexting by emerging adults. These findings could have implications for the implementation of sexual education programmes aimed at achieving adequate social interactions associated with sexting.El SARS-CoV-2 ocasionó el aislamiento obligatorio de toda la población, reduciendo las oportunidades de las relaciones se-xuales casuales o entre parejas no convivientes. No obstante, es viable asumir que se están produciendo otras formas de contacto sexual, como el sexting. El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar los comportamientos y motivaciones involucradas en el sexting y examinar algunos predictores de salud mental y soledad que podrían estar asociados con el sexting durante el confinamiento. La muestra consistió en 510 participantes: 280 jóvenes y 230 adultos. Los resultados mostraron una mayor prevalencia de comportamientos de sexting entre los jóvenes (frente a los adultos), y entre los hombres (frente a las mujeres). Más aún, los jóvenes reportaron más motivaciones para practicar el sexting. Finalmente, el análisis revela que la soledad sería un factor de predicción para la participación de los jóvenes en el sexting. Estos hallazgos podrían tener implicaciones para la puesta en práctica de programas de educación sexual destinados a alcanzar interacciones sociales adecuadas relacionadas con el sexting.Consejeria de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidades, Junta de Andalucía [Ref.B-SEJ-472-UGR18]

High prevalence of liver fibrosis among european adults with unknown liver disease: a population-based study

[Background & Aims] Liver fibrosis is the main determinant of long-term outcome in chronic liver diseases. Little is known about the prevalence of liver fibrosis in the general population. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of liver fibrosis in the general adult population with unknown liver disease.[Methods] This was a population-based, cross-sectional study performed in the Barcelona metropolitan area. Subjects aged 18 to 75 years old were identified randomly from citizens included in the primary health care registry. Of 4866 subjects invited, 3076 participated (63.2%). Liver fibrosis was estimated by measuring liver stiffness (LS) with transient elastography (TE). Liver histology was assessed in 92 subjects with increased LS.[Results] Prevalence estimates of increased LS (≥6.8, ≥8.0, and ≥9.0 kPa) were 9.0%, 5.8%, and 3.6%, respectively. The etiology of liver disease was mainly nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), followed by alcohol risk consumption (consumption of ≥21 standard drinking units/wk in men and ≥14 standard drinking units/wk in women). Factors independently associated with increased LS were male sex, abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes, serum glucose, high-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels. Subjects without risk factors for NAFLD or without alcohol risk consumption had a very low prevalence of increased LS. The best cut-off value of LS for significant liver fibrosis (F2–F4) was 9.2 kPa, with high sensitivity and specificity. TE was more accurate than alanine aminotransferase, NAFLD fibrosis score, or Fibrosis 4. An algorithm for screening for liver fibrosis using TE in the community setting is proposed.[Conclusions] These findings show a high prevalence of silent liver disease with advanced fibrosis mainly related to NAFLD in adult European subjects without known liver disease. An LS value less than 9.2 kPa predicts the absence of significant liver fibrosis with high accuracy and could be used for screening purposes.The project received a research grant from the Carlos III Institute of Health, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain), awarded on the 2011 call under the Health Strategy Action 2013–2016, within the National Research Program oriented to Societal Challenges, within the Technical, Scientific and Innovation Research National Plan 2013–2016, with reference PI11/0267, co-funded by European Union European Regional Development Fund funds. Also supported by grants from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Subdirección General de Evaluación and the European Regional Development Fund Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (PI16/ 00043), the Agencia de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitarisi de Recerca, and the European Horizon 20/20 program, H20/20-SC1-2016-RTD, and an Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats Academy Award (P.G.).Peer reviewe

Short-term changes in klotho and FGF23 in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction—a substudy of the DAPA-VO2 study

The klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) pathway is implicated in cardiovascular pathophysiology. This substudy aimed to assess the changes in klotho and FGF-23 levels 1-month after dapagliflozin in patients with stable heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The study included 29 patients (32.2% of the total), with 14 assigned to the placebo group and 15 to the dapagliflozin, as part of the double-blind, randomized clinical trial [DAPA-VO2 (NCT04197635)]. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 30 days, and Klotho and FGF-23 levels were measured using ELISA Kits. Between-treatment changes (raw data) were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney test and expressed as median (p25%–p75%). Linear regression models were utilized to analyze changes in the logarithm (log) of klotho and FGF-23. The median age was 68.3 years (60.8–72.1), with 79.3% male and 81.5% classified as NYHA II. The baseline medians of left ventricular ejection fraction, glomerular filtration rate, NT-proBNP, klotho, and FGF-23 were 35.8% (30.5–37.8), 67.4 ml/min/1.73 m2 (50.7–82.8), 1,285 pg/ml (898–2,305), 623.4 pg/ml (533.5–736.6), and 72.6 RU/ml (62.6–96.1), respectively. The baseline mean peak oxygen uptake was 13.1 ± 4.0 ml/kg/min. Compared to placebo, patients on dapagliflozin showed a significant median increase of klotho [Δ+29.5, (12.9–37.2); p = 0.009] and a non-significant decrease of FGF-23 [Δ−4.6, (−1.7 to −5.4); p = 0.051]. A significant increase in log-klotho (p = 0.011) and a decrease in log-FGF-23 (p = 0.040) were found in the inferential analysis. In conclusion, in patients with stable HFrEF, dapagliflozin led to a short-term increase in klotho and a decrease in FGF-23